12 Hallmarks of Aging

Dysbiosis

Hallmark 12 of 12 · Integrative tier

The balance of gut and microbial communities shifts with age, affecting immunity and metabolism.

Age-associated loss of microbial diversity, bloom of pro-inflammatory taxa, and reduced short-chain fatty acid production correlate with frailty, immune dysregulation, and metabolic syndrome. Gut–immune and gut–brain axes amplify systemic inflammaging.

How to minimize dysbiosis

  • Target dietary fiber diversity (30+ g/day where tolerated) and fermented foods—human feeding studies expand microbiome richness.
  • Limit chronic ultra-processed food and unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics.
  • Exercise independently associates with more favorable gut taxonomy in athletes vs sedentary controls.
  • Precision probiotics and FMT for healthy aging remain experimental; single-strain products are often overclaimed.